ABSTRACT
Mental foramen is (MF) an important anatomical landmark that has clinical significance during dental treatments such as placing dental implants or endodontic treatment of mandibular premolars. The location and morphology of mental foramen varies among populations. The aim of this study is to determine the range of variations in the anatomical location and shape of mental foramen. This is a retrospective study conducted using panoramic radiographic (OPG) data of patients. A total of 498 panoramic radiographic images showing erupted lower premolars and first molars were included. All OPGs data were sorted in six study groups and analyzed statistically. The majority of cases (57 %) showed the presence of MF in line with the long axis of 2nd premolar. Only 3.2 % of MFs were in line with the long axis of first premolar. The shape of MF was round in majority (40 %) followed by oval shape (35.7 %). Irregular shape mental foramens were observed in 24.3 % of cases. The p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The anatomical location of mental foramen varies between first premolar to first molar. In terms of shape, the mental foramen ranged from round/oval to irregular. Although, the position and shape varied with age of the patient, there is no predictable correlation between the age and position or shape of mental foramen.
El foramen mental (FM) es un hito anatómico importante que tiene importancia clínica durante los tratamientos dentales, como en la colocación de implantes o en el tratamiento endodóntico de los premolares mandibulares. La ubicación y morfología del foramen mental varía entre las poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el rango de variaciones en la ubicación y la forma del foramen mental. Este es un estudio retrospectivo utilizando datos radiográficos panorámicos (DRP) de los pacientes. Se incluyeron un total de 498 imágenes radiográficas panorámicas que mostraban premolares inferiores y primeros molares erupcionados. Todos los datos de DRP se clasificaron en seis grupos de estudio y se analizaron estadísticamente. La mayoría de los casos (57 %) mostraron la presencia de FM en línea con el eje largo del segundo premolar. Solo el 3,2 % de los MF se alinearon con el eje largo del primer premolar. La forma de FM fue redonda en su mayoría (40 %) seguida de forma ovalada (35,7 %). Se observaron foramen mentales de forma irregular en el 24,3 % de los casos. El valor p <0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. La ubicación del foramen mental varía entre el primer premolar al primer molar. En términos de forma, el foramen mental varió de redondo / oval a irregular. Aunque la posición y la forma variaron con la edad del paciente, no existe una correlación predecible entre la edad y la posición o la forma del foramen mental.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Anatomic Variation , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Panoramic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Age and Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Aims: The root canals have complex morphology and vary widely among individuals variations. The objective of this research was to analyse the morphology of root canals and existence of extra canals in mandibular first molar in subpopulation of Al-Medina Al-Munawarah. Study Design: Experimental/Analytical. Place and Duration of Study: College of dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Munawwarrah, Saudi Arabia, 2014. Methodology: This study was conducted using freshly extracted mandibular first molars (n=100). All teeth were examined for morphology of roots, root canals and apical foramen by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The root canals configuration was classified using Vertucci's classification. Results: All mandibular first molars (100%) had two distinct and clearly separated roots. There was a high probability of two canals (92.5%) in mesial root compared to the distal root that contain two canals only in 20% of teeth. There was no occurrence of more than two roots or more than two canals in any of the roots in the selected teeth. The majority of distal roots (80%) had single canal with type I canal configuration followed by type III (10%), type V (7.5%) and type II (2.5%). The mesial roots presented comparatively complex canals configuration. Type I canal configuration was observed in only 7.5% teeth. The incidence of C shaped canals was very low (2.5%). Conclusion: The occurrence of single rooted mandibular first molars as well as supernumerary roots is very unlikely. The incidence of two distinct canals in mesial root is high (>92%), however distal roots mainly represented one canal (80%).